![]() ![]() Go to the end of the file and insert 2 bytes + 1 byte for each character in the file name(not including the extension). pl.bytes for the race/gender you want to add to. Go to Steam\steamapps\common\Shadowrun Returns\Shadowrun_Data\StreamingAssets\ContentPacks\seattle\data\portraits and open the appropriate. I think this is optional, but it makes it easier to keep it organized.Ģ. Then change the file name to the format pc_#_. Paste the custom portrait into Steam\steamapps\common\Shadowrun Returns\Shadowrun_Data\StreamingAssets\ContentPacks\seattle\art\portraits Pros: Allows you to add to existing portrait library.Ĭons: Need a hex editor and calculator for this that can't easily convert numbers to hexadecimal.ġ. Method 2: Hex File Edit (Credit goes to KaylaKaze for first coming up with it and chaos915 for the step by step I copied/pasted below. This way if you want that portrait in the future it's not deleted. Once here look for a portrait you do not like of the race/sex you are going to play. Find the portraits used in the "seattle" art file.ģ. ![]() Once here you should see two icons, right click on the Shadowrun icon and select "Show Package Contents". Go to \Library\Application Support\Steam\steamapps\common\Shadowrun Returns\Shadowrun_Data\StreamingAssets\ContentPacksĢ. (Credit goes to edubs for making aware of this issue and Daemoc for the solution!)ġ. Bham you are done.Ĭons: Replaces a existing portrait, does not allow you to add to the portrait library, just to change it. Lastly, make sure your custom image is 212 x 278 and PNG file. Now paste that name you copied on your custom portrait and dump it into the portrait folder.Ĥ. This way if you want that portrait in the future it's not deleted.ģ. Go to Steam\SteamApps\common\Shadowrun Returns\Shadowrun_Data\StreamingAssets\ContentPacks\seattle\art\portraitsĢ. Pros: Easiest, for those that are not confident in editing files.Ĭons: Replaces a existing portrait, does not allow you to add to the portrait library, just to change it.ġ. Lastly, not being a OSX user I only know one method to edit the portrait files. I trust you to read through the methods and decide which is right for you. Lastly, we have a custom program that converts byte files to text editable xml files and back. Another is using a hex editor to alter a file. One is to rename your new portrait the same as an existing file. ![]() There are three known ways you can add custom portraits at this time. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Scale your Dexterity to 60 as soon as possible to get the most out of your weapons. Alternatively, start as the Mercenary to get your hands on one of the best weapons in the game (detailed in our final build entry). Killing him will grant the Uchigatana, a fantastic starting weapon that will carry you through the rest of a playthrough. Once you reach Firelink Shrine, defeat the Sword Master that roams near the Firelink Shrine Tower. In fact, some of the best weapons in Dark Souls 3 scale incredibly well with Dexterity, making Dexterity builds a solid choice for beginners that aren't sure what to play. Whichever route you take, you'll be one-shotting most enemies by the end of a Dark Souls 3 playthrough and subsequent NG+ playthroughs.ĭexterity might not be as powerful in Dark Souls 3 as in previous installments, but you can absolutely make a Dexterity build work in DS3. This sword's damage scales off your Intelligence and can shoot projectiles with its heavy attack. If you are playing a hybrid build, check out the Moonlight Greatsword. For the former, look out for the Crystal Sage's Staff and any Crystal spells they're the best for this build. You can either focus on a pure mage build, allocating most of your levels in Intelligence and Attunement, or you can run a hybrid build with Strength or Dexterity. ![]() Related: Dark Souls 3: All Titanite Slab Locations When they do, mages can do nearly anything you would want. Pure mage characters take a long time to come "online"-capable of finishing the game comfortably. This build comes online towards the end of a playthrough, although its versatility and ease of use make it a great choice for PvP and NG+ playthroughs. The soft cap for both stats is 30, although you'll still gain a sizable damage boost for raising both stats to 45. For this build, we'll be using Caitha's Chime for miracles and the Izalith Staff for sorceries-both of which scale with Faith and Intelligence evenly. Your chime and catalyst will determine which stat scales your Hex. Upgrade your Faith and Intelligence evenly, trying to hit at least 30 in each stat. It's a very versatile school of magic that veteran players should try. Want to make an enemy instantly bleed? Using Dorhy's Gnawing. Want to prevent a boss from using any special attacks? Use Vow of Silence. With that in mind, Hexes are still fantastic for players who want plenty of utility with their build. Hexes have seen a significant nerf in Dark Souls 3 compared to the second entry, distributing these unique spells throughout every school of magic instead of being a dedicated magic archetype. Just note that some enemies and bosses are completely immune to bleed, so be prepared for some boss fights to take ages. ![]() When done properly, you can stagger most bosses in the game and rapidly defeat tanky enemies. Luck is what scales your bleed damage for this build, so spec heavily into that stat and increase your Hollowing stat. Rapid attacking weapons usually come with this effect intrinsically, so most bleed builds spec for some Dexterity atop Luck to scale the damage of their initial hits and Bleed procs. That's perfect for this build, as Hollowing increases the damage of Hollow-infused weapons.īleed is a status effect you can inflict on enemies and some bosses, dealing a percentage of damage to their health bar and staggering the target. In exchange, you gain a Dark Sigil, allowing you to become Hollow. If you talk to Yoel of Londor at the Foot of the High Wall Bonfire, he will return to Firelink Shrine and allow you to gain a free level. ![]() Please read the full Community Rules.Both Bleed and Hollow are included in the same entry because there is quite a bit of overlap between the two. No AI-generated content or artwork.ĥ.) Do not discuss cheats or mods that negatively affect online play.Ħ.) No sales, sales links, directing to sales, soliciting donations, or advertisements whatsoever.ħ.) Self promotion posts are allowed once per week with community participation.Ĩ.) Memes, screenshots, and video clips should follow the subreddit guidelines.ĩ.) No trolling, karma farming, rage posts, or other low-effort submissions. 1.) Please be respectful, do not harass others.Ģ.) Content must pertain to Dark Souls 1.ģ.) NSFW and otherwise crass content is not allowed.Ĥ.) All fan-art must be OC only. ![]() ![]() 20+ weapons to train with or create your own!.Customize your training targets, crosshair, sounds & more.Great for warming up before hitting ranked!.Track your improvements over time with your personalized dashboard.Test your skills on our leaderboards against other players & dive into our special events!.Over 500 FPS game profiles with a sensitivity convertor to match your settings including VALORANT, Apex Legends, CS:GO, R6S, Call of Duty & more.Official Rainbow Six Siege development partner.Create unlimited maps, tasks & scenarios in Creator Studio.Detailed aim analysis with improvement tips.Climb the leaderboards, and earn in-game rewards while setting your eyes on becoming the world’s best aimer! Each season features new tasks to measure and improve your aiming skill. New - Ranked Seasons, a new way to track your progression and compete against others in Aimlabs.Whether you're a beginner or a seasoned pro, Aimlabs is an invaluable tool for gaining a competitive edge. What sets Aimlabs apart is its ability to provide detailed aim analysis feedback, giving you valuable insights and guiding you towards rapid improvement.Īimlabs is continuously updated with new features to ensure compatibility with a wide range of games. It provides curated aim training scenarios that will turn you into an aim God in no time.ĭive into specifically designed aim training exercises to master the art of flicking, tracking, speed, perception, and cognition. Aimlabs offers a comprehensive set of tools to improve your aim, regardless of which FPS you play. About This Game Are you looking to upgrade your aiming skills? Then you need Aimlabs!Īimlabs is a training platform designed by gamers to help sharpen up your core FPS aiming skills. ![]() ![]() Ecto-Mesomorphs This body type is lean and muscular.You may fine that you don’t fit perfectly into 1 category but a mix of 2 body types. Your metabolism is naturally slower, hence you have to pay more attention to what you eat in order to get fit.Ĭelebrities include Oprah Winfrey, Jennifer Hudson, Kim Kardashian and Mariah Carrey. Typically your goal is to Lose Weight. You find that you gain fat so easily just by eating one small chocolate bar. You have a stockier bone structure with a larger midsection and hips. You are considered to have the “good gene” because you have an efficient metabolism, which means it’s easier for you to gain muscle or lose fat. If you keep to an active and healthy lifestyle, it’s relatively easy for you to maintain your weight. Yes, you can gain weight, but once you get back into eating well and exercising, the excess weight comes off pretty easily too.Ĭelebrities include Jennifer Lawrence, Halle Berry, Rihanna and Scarlett Johansson. Typically your goal is to Lean Up. You have a medium bone structure and an athletic body. Just think of the endurance athletes or a typical model.Ĭelebrities include Taylor Swift, Kendall Jenner, Kiera Knightley and Kate Middleton. Typically your goal is to Gain Weight. They have smaller bone structure with shoulders that tend to be narrower than their hips. These are people who seem to eat whatever they want and never gain any weight, because they have a fast/high metabolism.They are usually thin and lanky. So let’s first take a look at the 3 dominate body types: ![]() So if you are uncertain where you fit, just think back about how you looked like in your late teens or early 20s. However, do understand that your daily exercise, diet habits, lifestyle and even metabolic changes through pregnancy or menopause can skew your body type. You can’t change that, however, with dedication to your training and also eating right, you can get closer to another body type. Your genetics predispose you towards one of the three body types. Typical, there are 3 dominant body types: ectomorph, mesomorph and endomorph. We are all created different but just as beautiful. We want to find your dominant body type and understand the exercises and diet that works best for your body and help you form more realistic goals. But knowing where you fit in, could help determine the best exercise and diet plan for you. What do you see? Do you see long, slim limbs? Wide hips and perhaps more fat accumulation around the belly area? Or a more sporty, muscular body? We know just how complex our body types can be. ![]() So without any judgement, look into the mirror. ![]() ![]() ![]() Visit the ABC Shop for Supermarket Sweep merchandise. Stream hit game shows right now with no sign-in WATCH NOW. The classic game show that tests teams' grocery shopping skills and knowledge of merchandise to win big cash prizes. SUPERMARKET SWEEP ABC-TV DAYTIME B&W in New York's FOOD FAIR (TUESDAY DECEMBER 21, 1965. Watch Supermarket Sweep TV Show - ABC.com. Then, the remaining competitors attempt to bag. Take, first and foremost, the first season having more enthusiasm around it simply for the sake of nostalgia. The ratings for season 2 are down substantially from season 1, but there are a couple of easy-to-explain reasons for that. ![]() Haley Wilson to do same as the 1st and it takes 2 Supermarket Sweeps to win the big day to face 2 New Challengers next day as Tomorrow. 1pm 12c Season 5, Episode 11 Three Meals a Day Alex Guarnaschelli has four chefs rise and shine to whip up breakfast worth going back to bed for. Alas, at the moment nothing is 100 official when it comes to the future of Supermarket Sweep on ABC. Dollar & Cents and no sales tax included and saying to The Host with the possible price or otherwise exactly right without go over wins 5 Seconds to the Basic 60 Seconds (1 Minute) up to 1 Minute 20 Seconds (1:20) and other possible times of just 1 Minute to take 1 to 5 of the same product by it's own price among the standards of 1965 Broadcast Television as The Loud Cheering Audience with Applause to hearing to pay listening Attention for the 1st Time on The 1st Supermarket Sweep to be crowning the 1st Champion Housewife of "SUPERMARKET SWEEP" and The 2 New Challenger Housewives are Mrs. Putin Signs Bill Outlawing Gender-Affirming Procedures Alas, at the moment nothing is 100 official when it comes to the future of Supermarket Sweep on ABC. Janette McMillian will know 1 to 4 Grocery Items to bid the price in U.S. This fast-paced and energetic series follows three teams of two as they battle it out using their grocery shopping skills and knowledge of merchandise to win. Everyone has to spend a substantial mount of time at the grocery store in their lives. Track Supermarket Sweep (US) season 8 episodes. Wally King is The Announcer this Show and WABC-TV ABC DISNEY 7 New York, NY-NJ-CT and Welcoming The 1st 3 Housewives of the area are Mrs. Season 8 guide for Supermarket Sweep (US) TV series - see the episodes list with schedule and episode summary. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.WILLIAM "BILL" MALONE HOST THE 1st SUPERMARKET SWEEP on ABC-TV USA and broadcasted at THE FOOD FAIR SUPERMARKET CHAIN in Manhattan, New York City, County & State and Mr. Jones has a Netflix stand-up special “Leslie Jones: Time Machine” airing later this month and has a voice role in the upcoming “Angry Birds 2.”Ĭopyright 2020 The Associated Press. ![]() ![]() She says she tried out unsuccessfully for the show years ago, and bringing it back to life “is my ultimate redemption story.” Fans can also check out new episodes on Hulu. The new season will air on ABC or will be available to stream on ABC.com. The show was adapted for overseas markets and recently relaunched in the United Kingdom.ĪBC said Wednesday that production on 10 episodes will begin in the spring. Back in the nineties my parents were on a very famous TV show Supermarket Sweep (Sweep) Dont act like you dont knowThis episode was filmed and aired s. More info On May 13, 2021, Supermarket Sweep was renewed for a second season. Revivals aired on other networks in the 1990s and 2000s. The show follows three teams of two as they compete using their grocery shopping skills and knowledge of merchandise to win cash prizes. Track Supermarket Sweep (US) season 5 episodes. Primary school teachers Elton and Dan, detectives Vicky and Jenny and mother and son Sharon and Dale are the. Season 5 guide for Supermarket Sweep (US) TV series - see the episodes list with schedule and episode summary. Today, friends Nicola and Joyce, identical twins Ann and Alison and couple Daisy and Chris are the first set of contestants. The former “Saturday Night Live” star will host a new version of “Supermarket Sweep,” which originally aired on ABC from 1965-67. The reboot of the popular game show returns for a second series and makes the switch to ITV1 daytime. (AP) - Leslie Jones is joining the ranks of television game-show hosts. ![]() ![]() ![]() And as is the case with an artist like Rina Sawayama, and as was the case with *cough* Azealia Banks, no matter what they come out with and how amazing it is, there’s always a sense that you know they’re going to switch gears and come for your wig again in a few months time. The one thing I really like about these singles we’ve gotten from Bree since “Hot Hot”, is that they really speak to the kind of artist Bree Runway is when you put them side by side. Hopefully “That Girl” gains traction, because it could pop in so many different things, in so many places. “That Girl” being longer would have just become a longer song for the sake of being longer. I didn’t feel that the song was lacking or short-changed. I can’t think of what else the song could have done or featured. But then I listened to the song and thought ‘That works’. BREE RUNWAY - HOT HOT (HOT HOT) Film Producer: Eleri Evans Film Director: Jocelyn Aquetil Producer: Moon Willis Composer Lyricist: Bree Runway, Levi Gordon © 2021. When I initially saw the 2 minute and 1 second runtime, I screwed up my face in disgust. And “That Girl” is just a really good song which makes you feel exactly how the song is supposed to make you feel, which is like THAT girl. But I do really like the song because *Turns away and lowers speaking volume* I do like Azealia Banks’ music. The Azealia Banks comparison is very obvious to me. She could either be really flattered and love a song, or she could post an Instagram story calling Bree all types of plagiarist. ![]() You honestly can’t guess what Azealia will think about anything. The first time I heard “That Girl”, my immediate reaction was that it reminded me a WHOLE lot of Azealia Banks, and I wondered what she’d think of it if she heard it. Becoming a huge hit decades after its original release. Just look at “Running Up That Hill (A Deal With God)”. But because people be terrible online, I’m sure Bree woulda been dragged for copying Kate Bush, or trying to capitalise on a moment which belongs to Kate and Stranger Things.īut maybe “Somebody Like You” will have it’s moment further down the line. A generation that I think would and could warm to somebody like Bree Runway. The start of Spring was not the time to release a Phil Collins, Kate Bush sounding-ass synth power ballad.Īnd speaking of Kate Bush, Bree probably could have made an attempt to push “Somebody Like You” during the popularity peak of “Running Up That Hill (A Deal With God)” as a result of Stranger Things 4, because the vibes between the two songs are so similar, and it was a wholly younger generation who were discovering that song for the first time. Not only did Bree show an amazing amount of range going into that song off the back of “Hot Hot” and “Pressure”, but it was quite simply a great song. Of ‘200AND4EVA’, The Forty-Five‘s Kate French-Morris said: “Bree Runway’s busy blasting aside the expectations of her race and gender, seeing how many boxes she can rip open before deciding what to do with their contents.Bree Runway’s last single “Somebody Like You” was paid absolute Blip dust, and I was and STILL remain pressed about it. ‘Hot Hot’ is the first single from the Hackney artist’s upcoming debut album and the first track we’ve heard from Bree since her acclaimed noughties-inspired mixtape, ‘ 2000AND4EVA‘. I want my fans to never feel afraid to hype themselves up, they’re the shit and they don’t need to wait for anybody to tell ’em they are!” This pandemic hasn’t been easy on the brain, and with being indoors wearing joggers 24/7, it’s been hard to feel like a hottie, so I’m hoping this track will help! Typically for me, it’s about reaffirming your power and believing in yourself cause “you can never do it like a Brenda”. Of the song, Bree says: “I feel like this is the song everyone needs to hear as it gets hotter and the world eases up. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() The arms close around your phone automatically when it hits the trigger on the back of the mount, so you can place your device one-handed. Adjust the height of the feet so your phone is always in the sweet spot for charging. This versatile car mount from iOttie comes in two flavors, a suction cup for dashboard/windshield or a CD/vent mount that clips into place. Subscriptions help fund the work we do every day.ĭon't fiddle with cables again, even in the car. com and our print magazine (if you'd like). Special offer for Gear readers: Get a 1-year subscription to WIRED for $5 ($25 off). ![]() Updated March 2023: We've added the 8BitDo charger, OtterBox 3-in-1, and Peak Design's Car Vent Mount. There are so many styles, shapes, and build materials that you have a lot of options, including stands, pads, wireless battery packs, and models that even double as headphone stands.Ĭheck out our other buying guides, including the Best Android Phones, Best 3-in-1 Apple Wireless Chargers, Best iPhones, Best Samsung Galaxy S23 Cases, and Best iPhone 14 Cases. It's pure convenience more than anything else.Īfter testing more than 80 products over the past few years, we've sorted the good from the bad ( there are certainly bad ones) and have identified the best wireless chargers. I've gotten used to simply plopping my phone down on a pad every night, and fishing for a cable in the dark feels like a chore. Still, I'm always disappointed when I test a smartphone that doesn't support it. It's not exactly wireless-a cord runs from an outlet to the charging pad-and it won't charge your smartphone faster than plugging it in with a good ol’ cord. Wireless charging isn't nearly as cool as it sounds. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Ring Pull Plain Bail with Backplate in Antique Brass Cabinet Drawer Pull, Modern Cabinet Hardware echotree. Sort By: (25-Pack) 3' Rough and Smooth Pull Tumbled Antique Brass Price 25.00 (25-Pack) 2-1/2' Cup Pull Rustic Brass Price 37. Vintage Solid Brass Rustic Cabinet Pulls Drawer Pull Handle With Backplate Unique Elegant Design (141) 54.00. The section has a large selection of antique brass and bronze pulls from Liberty Hardware and D. If you are searching for brass cabinet pulls and handles to add a stylish, timeless look to your home and furniture, Van Dyke’s has everything you need to get the job done. Antique brass can range from a soft brown with gold tones to a dark nearly oil rubbed bronze. In addition to carrying cabinet pulls from a variety of well-known brands in a wide range of sizes, we also offer adjustable boring pulls, which serve as a perfect solution for just about any kitchen cabinet or dresser drawer due to their flexibility and range. This means that we have the perfect drawer pulls to match a multitude of styles ranging from antique and rustic to sleek, streamlined minimalism. Center to Center Drawer Pulls Antique Brass Cabinet Cup Pulls Kitchen Cabinet Hardware Vintage Gold Cabinet Handles Aged Bin Cup Drawer Handles Brass Knobs. No matter if you are looking for cabinet hardware that perfectly matches the Chippendale, Hepplewhite, Colonial, Victorian or even modern era, we have something for you.Īdditionally, Van Dyke’s offers a wide assortment of finishes, including brushed brass, antique brass, polished brass, black, oil rubbed bronze, pewter, chrome, gold and so much more. Amazon Basics Modern Square Cabinet Pull Handle, 3.34-inch Length (3-inch Hole Center), Oil Rubbed Bronze, 10-pack. We also carry brass cabinet handles that seamlessly pair with furniture from across the ages. Upgrade the look of your cabinets, dressers, and drawers with modern knobs and pulls from West Elm. Vintage Bathroom Faucets & Sink FixturesĪt Van Dyke’s, we offer a massive selection of brass cabinet pulls in a panoply of different styles, including bow pulls, bail pulls, ring pulls, drawer pulls and more.Brass Handrails & Gallery Rail Hardware While vintage door hardware is a simple means for embellishing a door, brass cabinet pulls are one of the easiest ways to transform the look and feel of.Furniture Restoration Products & Supplies.Left: Antique Hardware and Home sells these brass late 1 9th-century. Restorers Architectural Elements & Features Whether vintage or reproduction, historically appropriate cabinet hardware can help.brass handles offer a timeless finish that spans both antique and modern styles. Wood Table Components & Table Leaf Hardware Shop Castellas range of brass cabinet handles and knobs - versatile.Cabinet Knob Backplates & Backplate Hardware. ![]() Drop Pulls for Cabinets, Drawers & More. ![]() ![]() Transistor will turn it into a podcast episode and publish it to your private employee feed.Įmployees get notified in their podcast app or by email that a new episode is available.Ĭompanies using this find these audio updates are much more personal and "human" compared to traditional email updates. You can upload your audio to Transistor straight from your phone or computer. Podcast creators can expand their profiles to include. It makes podcast listening more social and educational. Users can post reviews, create profiles, curate lists and connect with other podcast listeners and creators. ![]() Or, simply record using your "Voice memos" app on your phone The Best Podcast App for Listening on iPhone / iOS: Overcast (If you don’t like. This is where the idea of a "private company podcast" comes in.Īs a CEO, you can record your weekly podcast however you'd like: In the last four years, they've grown from 5 employees to over 60! But with that growth has come communication challenges: You can also send them this tutorial, which shows them how to add a private feed to their favorite podcast app. Once they are subscribed, they'll automatically receive new episodes when they are published. They can choose their preferred option, and it should open the podcast in the listening app they selected. To start a new private podcast, click "Add a show." You'll see the option to create an enhanced private podcast when you click "Add a new show:" You can use a hosting platform like Transistor to create private podcasts. How to create a private podcast for your team Membership sites are doing exclusive private podcasts just for members. Students receive individualized access and can listen to it in their favorite podcast app. Here's how authors, course creators, and online training organizations are using it:Īuthors are creating an audiobook version of their books and giving folks who purchase the physical copy free access to it.Ĭourse creators, colleges, and online training organizations are adding audio lessons to their regular curriculum. ![]() Send a weekly "Message from the CEO" to all employees. Offer ongoing audio training to your employees. A private podcast allows you to give members access to a series of audio files that they can listen to in their favorite podcast app. Here's how companies and organizations are using it: ![]() ![]() ![]() The loss of his beloved wife and their newborn child was devastating for Joseph, after which he felt keenly reluctant to remarry, though he dearly loved his daughter and remained a devoted father to Maria Theresa.įête organized to celebrate the marriage of Emperor Joseph II to Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria. Progressively ill with smallpox and strained by sudden childbirth and tragedy, Isabella died the following week. In November 1763, while six months pregnant, Isabella fell ill with smallpox and went into premature labor, resulting in the birth of their second child, Archduchess Maria Christina, who died shortly after being born. Pregnancy was again provoking melancholy, fears and dread in Isabella. She remained bedridden for six weeks after their daughter's birth.Īlmost immediately on the back of their newfound parenthood, the couple then endured two consecutive miscarriages-an ordeal particularly hard on Isabella-followed quickly by another pregnancy. Her own pregnancy proved especially difficult as she suffered symptoms of pain, illness and melancholy both during and afterward, though Joseph attended to her and tried to comfort her. Isabella was fearful of pregnancy and early death, largely a result of the early loss of her mother. The marriage of Joseph and Isabella resulted in the birth of a daughter, Maria Theresa. Isabella also found a best friend and confidant in her husband's sister, Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen. Isabella's father was Philip, Duke of Parma.) Joseph loved his bride, Isabella, finding her both stimulating and charming, and she sought with special care to cultivate his favor and affection. (The bride's mother, Princess Louise Élisabeth, was the eldest daughter of Louis XV of France and his popular wife, Queen Marie Leczinska. Joseph married Princess Isabella of Parma in October 1760, a union fashioned to bolster the 1756 defensive pact between France and Austria. Marriages and children The arrival of Isabella of Parma on the occasion of her wedding to Joseph II, 1760 (painting by Martin van Meytens) His practical training was conferred by government officials, who were directed to instruct him in the mechanical details of the administration of the numerous states composing the Austrian dominions and the Holy Roman Empire. His formal education was provided through the writings of David Hume, Edward Gibbon, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the Encyclopédistes, and by the example of his contemporary (and sometimes rival) King Frederick II of Prussia. Joseph was born in the midst of the early upheavals of the War of the Austrian Succession. He died with no surviving children and was succeeded by his younger brother Leopold II. ![]() He was a supporter of the arts, and most importantly of composers such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Antonio Salieri. His policies are now known as Josephinism. False but influential letters depict him as a somewhat more radical philosophe than he probably was. He has been ranked with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Prussia as one of the three great Enlightenment monarchs. Meanwhile, despite making some territorial gains, his reckless foreign policy badly isolated Austria. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism however, his commitment to secularizing, liberalizing and modernizing reforms resulted in significant opposition, which resulted in failure to fully implement his programs. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the union of the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette, Leopold II, Maria Carolina of Austria and Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma. Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michael Adam English: Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 18 August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 29 November 1780 until his death. ![]() |
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